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Formal vs. Informal Work: Two Very Different Earnings Lives

15 June 2024 · 1 min read

Using panel data from Indonesia and Vietnam, where most workers are informal, the shape of a working life looks strikingly different across sectors.

Earnings profiles in both sectors are concave — they rise, flatten, and fall — mirroring richer economies. But growth is lower, transitions between sectors are rare, and a persistent formal-sector wage premium remains.

This matters for how we think about mobility, risk, and the returns to education.

#labor economics#informality#inequality

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